This year Shabou'ot begins on Thursday night June 1, 2006.

As the Holiday of Shabou'ot is less than one week away I thought I would
share
some laws and customs of this holiday with you.

1)Tiqoun Leil Shabou'ot (The all night reading)

2)Azharot

3)Prayer upon opening the Heikhal

4)Festive meal (Meat vs. Dairy)



1)Tiqoun Leil Shabou'ot (The all night reading)


There is a custom in to stay up on the 1st night of Shabou'ot and be
involved in Torah until dawn.
This custom seems to be based upon the Zohar (Perashat Emor 98a) which
states that the original pious ones would not sleep this night, and they
toiled in Torah.
The Zohar (introduction page 8a) also says that all those who adhere to the
Tiqoun this night and rejoice with it are blessed by God.

The rabbis explain and give the reason for this custom based upon the
midrash (Shir Hashirim Rabba 1:12) which states that when Bene Yisrael were
to receive the Torah, they were all sleeping and God had to awaken them with
noise and thunder. Therefore we stay up studying this night to make amends
for our forefathers and to show how anxiously we anticipate receiving the
Torah.

{For a slightly different twist on this see the commentary of Ibn Ezra on
Shemot 19:11 and the explanation by Rabbi Haim Palacci in his Leb Haim
volume 2, chapter 180)}.



This custom is only for men and not for women (see Sod Yesharim chapter 9 by
Rabbi Yosef Haim).

The custom is to study and read the Tiqoun as printed in the Qerie Mo'ed and
not to just stay up and read whatever you want.

The reading was established by the AR"I and we read the pesouqim from the
beginning and end of each perashah as well as from the Nibiim and Ketoubim,
etc... (See the HID"A in his Leb David chapter 31)
In the following generation Rabbi Efraim Panssieri (a contemporary of Rabbi
Haim Vital , student of the Ari) instituted the reading of the Idera Raba as
well.

All of our Hakhamim in the last 400+ years followed this reading without
budging from it. They could have studied gemara or posqim but chose to
follow the reading as established and laid down by those who said to stay up
and read.

If we are going to stay up and read we should follow what was instituted as
the custom not just do our own thing.

If staying up all night is going to take away from your concentration of
tefilat shahrit than you should not stay up.

The proper frame of mind, thought and concentration during prayers is much
more important.
The custom to stay up and study torah is also very important, if you can do
it.

Rabbi ShemTob Gaguine in his Keter ShemTob on Shabou'ot brings a very
interesting incident that occurred with him when he was a dayan in Cairo
(circa 1918) and he praises the London Sepharadim who read a little at the
beginning of the night then go home to sleep and wake up refreshed for
Tefilah.

Yes, even though this custom is not mentioned by HaRambam, the Yemenite
communities have always followed it except that after they read from the
selected portions of Tanakh they read from the beginning and ending of each
tractate of mishnah.

Check the schedule but for Brooklyn and Deal this year allnight reading will
probably begin at around 11pm with shahrit beginning around 4:15am.



2)Azharot


There is an old custom of chanting the Azharot on both days of Shabou'ot.

There have been numerous Azharot written by poets going back to the time
since the days of the Geonim until about 1500.

The most common ones today are :
Azharot by Ribbi Shelomo Ibn Gabirol (Malaga 1022---Valencia between
1053-1058) recited by most Sephardic/Eastern communities.
And Azharot by Ribbi Yisshaq bar Reouben ElBarceloni recited by the North
African communities of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya.

These are wonderful poetic enumerations of all the missvot.
The custom is to chant them,
The positive commandments on the 1st day and the negative on the 2nd day.

On the 1st day prior to chanting the azharot of Ibn Gabirol an introduction
by Ribbi David Ben El'azar Baqoudah (11-12 centuries) is sung in a different
tune.

Most people gather at home to sing these Azharot with family and friends and
at times they are discussed as well.
In our days the Rabbi of the synagogue or a learned individual will have a
class explaining some of these missvot on both afternoons of Shabou'ot.

One of the best commentaries on both sets of famous Azharot was published in
Livorno in 1841 by Rabbi Shaoul HaKohen of Jerba (1772-1848) it's entitled
Netib
Missvotekha and very worth while.

Rabbi David Bitton A"H published a spectacular volume on Ibn Gabirols
Azharot (Missvot 'Aseh) in 1979.

Mahzor Shelom Yeroushalayim for Shabou'ot (New York 1994) did a wonderful
job on the Azharot. See the separate introductions there. The Hebrew by
Rabbi Shimon Hai Alouf and the English by Rabbi Ezra Labaton (pages
279-287).
It's a great starting point to help one study the missvot.

It's interesting to note that some Sephardic Posqim, most notably Rabbi Haim
Yosef David Azoulai and in our day Hakham Obadiah Yosef have stated that
since Ibn Gabirols Azharot do not follow the order of missvot as prescribed
by HaRambam, one would be better off reading from HaRambams Sefer Hamissvot.
To that end the late Maimonidean scholar Hakham Yosef Qafah composed his own
Azharot based upon HaRambam at the end of his edition of Sefer Hamissvot
(1971)

Let's not lose this beautiful minhag. Encourage one another to get together
at homes or synagogues to chant these poetic verses together.

On the same note the custom is also to read Megilat Rout, splitting it with
a portion to be read each day.

Some also read Mishle on Shabou'ot either in its entirety like the North
African communities or selected portions like in Aleppo,Syria.

Many have the custom to read Tehilim on the day of Shabou'ot as tradition
states that as the day of King David's
death. In Jerusalem the custom used to be to go to his burial site to read
Tehilim there, I do not know if that is still observed.
Others have opted to read the entire book of Tehilim two to three  times on
the 2nd night of the holiday as a different all night Tiqoun reading.

3)Prayer upon opening the Heikhal


On each of the Shalosh Regalim as well as Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kipour a
prayer (Ribono shel 'olam.....) is said before taking the Sifre Torah out of
the Heikhal.

These prayers are all from the anonymous work Hemdat Yamim.

Rabbi Meir Mazouz, head of Yeshibat Kise Rahamim "Sefaradit" in Bene Beraq
has pointed out something very important.

Towards the beginning of the Shabou'ot prayer there is a connotation to the
infamous Shabetai Sebi. He proposes that two words be omitted to ensure no
misguided thoughts.

The original version reads :
"veharem 'ateret sebi lissfirat tiferet 'am segoulatekha"
he says just say:
"veharem 'ateret tiferet 'am segoulatekha"


Why hasn't it been caught before?
Or has it?
Perhaps we are just not concentrating enough when we say this prayer.
In any case what he says makes a lot of sense.

Comments????????

4)Festive meal (Meat vs. Dairy)

My research tells me that the holiday meals should be Meat and not Dairy.

If you are interested in reading my writing on this piece please email me at
joseph.mosseri@verizon.net and I'll send it out to you immediatly.

Joseph Mosseri

I am not a Rabbi or a Poseq.
I am just interested in discussing Halakhot & Minhagim, laws and customs.
I invite your insights, comments, criticisms, etc..
Please let me know if you would like me to forward the same to my list.
If you would like to be removed from this list or know of someone who would
benefit from it just let me know by including, first name, last name, &
e-mail.

Joseph Mosseri